What does procedural due process require? 1. Trials must follow established procedures, not new and arbitrary ones
2. Procedures for justice must be approved by the president
3. The government may establish different procedures according to citizens race color or previous condition of servitude
4. All of the above
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number 4 mai boi

Explanation:

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in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.