In 1919, 15,000 leaflets urging resistance to the draft were sent to men who had been drafted by the US Army. The leaflets were traced to Socialist Party headquarters, specifically to Charles Schenck, the General Secretary of the Socialist Party, who publicly and vocally had opposed United States participation in World War I. This took place during a period known as the First Red Scare, during which concern over the spread of communism was high in the United States. LONG LIVE THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Wake up America! Your Liberties are in Danger!

The 13th Amendment, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States says: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to the jurisdiction”

The Constitution of the United States is one of the greatest bulwarks of political liberty. It was born after a long, stubborn battle between king-rule and democracy. In this battle the people of the United States established the principle that freedom of the individual and personal liberty are the most sacred things in life. Without them we become slaves… The Thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States embodies this sacred idea of personal liberty...this idea is violated by the Conscription Act. When you conscript [force a person to join the military] a man and compel him to go abroad and fight against his will, you violate that most sacred right of personal liberty...A conscript is little better than a convict. He is deprived of his liberty and of his right to think and act as a free man. A conscripted citizen is forced to surrender his right as a citizen and become a subject. He is forced into involuntary servitude. He is deprived of the protection given to him by the Constitution of the United States. He is deprived of all freedom of conscience in being forced to kill against his will...Write to your congressman and tell him you want the law repealed. Do not submit to the intimidation. You have a right to demand the repeal of any law. Exercise your rights of free speech, peaceful assemblage and petitioning the government for a redress of grievances!

Source: Excerpt of the pamphlet created by the United States Socialist Party, 1919.

3. Based on this document, identify the point of view of the United States Socialist Party concerning the Conscription Act.

-an amendment is proposed.

-two-thirds of congress must approve.

-thee-quarters of states must approve.

-the proposed amendment becomes law.

hope this

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.

i'll write a docs for you. hold on for a moment

a they donate money to humanitarian causes

c   they volunteer to alleviate suffering

d   they blame all muslims for not being able to keep their fellow muslims in line.