Who is the head of state in Canada The president
The prime minister
The governor-General
The monarch of the United Kingdom

Queen Elizabeth II

Explanation:

The Queen of Canada (and head of state) has been Elizabeth II since 6 February 1952. The official style of the monarch is "By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.