In which of the following ways did the provisions in the passage (treaty of balta liman) affect ottoman society? a. a two-tiered justice system was created
b. regressive taxes were implemented
c. reforms that angered the military establishment were enacted
d. the government took action against the interests of elites ​

A

Explanation:

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.