How did the outcome of french and indian war lead to an increase in british policies (taxes) in the american colonies?

  In a word - taxes. Taxes to cover the expense of that war. 
Taxes were the single most important point of tension between the colonists and the British crown. 
Britain had spent 90 million pounds during the French and Indian War. 
The British felt that Americans should share the expense of the war which was fought in large measure for the protection of the colonists. 
Deficit spending was very undesirable in the thinking of economists at that time. To make up deficits in the treasury, the British added new taxes that the colonists rebelled against.