Lincoln claims that the Union is perpetual because a) all governments are perpetual by their very nature
b) it existed before either the Declaration or the Constitution
c) the Constitution declared it to be perpetual
d) the Declaration of Independence declared it to be perpetual

where is the cartoon dude

freedom of speech is also protected by the 1 amendment.

explanation:

here is pretty much what the 1st amendment says:

congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

. to apply pressure and persuasion to keep party members in the chamber in line.