This religion asserted that God was not involved in the everyday workings of the universe. Voltairism
Huguenotism
Scientology
Philosophy
Deism

it increase by 12% a year from 1812-1820

i think you may have asked this twice, but i answered one of the

to replace ineffective because   andrew jackson's spoil system was a deliberate policy after he became president to remove federal employees he considered to be political opponents and replace them with his own supporters.