As Spain's transatlantic trade declined during the second half of the seventeenth century, the French and the English became less competitive in terms of colonization and commerce.​

The most pressing points of tension with European nations were eliminated during the first half of the century: purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 gave the United States control over the heartland of the

Explanation:

hi!

your answer is b

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~courtney

1.d 2.a c.!