If you answer in the first 20 min will mark a brainliest What was the effect of the moveable rudder, the use of a magnetic compass, and improved sails on Europe?

a. European contact with Asia decreased as trade routes moved northward.
b. European trade routes shifted from the Atlantic coast to the Italian city-states.
c. Europeans were encouraged to sail farther across the oceans than ever before.
d. European exploration decreased because of the fear of contracting diseases.