what was the goal of abd al-malik, the caliphh of the umayyad empire, when he expanded through the north africa

Define the term brutalization effect and describe in your own words why you think this occurs and how it conflicts with the ideas of deterrence theory.

What reason did yurovsky give nicholas ii for his pending execution? the czar’s relatives were about to rescue the romanovs. nicholas had committed crimes against the russians. nicholas had misused his power to abuse his own people. nicholas had not lived up to his duties as czar of russia. the answers are not b and c, i already tried those.

Why did the paris peace conference negotiations last over a year?