What limits do writing from American civilizations before Spanish contact on American civilizations pre-1600 have as historical sources?

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Explanation:

Aztec was an Empire in Mexico and it took two years before the Spanish could conquer the Empire. Inca Empire was also conquer by the Spanish. The Empire today is located in the country of Peru.

Incal Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America before it was conquered. Even after the conquest, Inca leaders continued to resist the Spanish up until 1572, when its last city, Vilcabamba, was captured.

Aztec Empire was also a great Empire, Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire. Present-day Mexico City covers the area where the Aztec capital once stood

Spain was able to defeat Inca Emipre because of two reasons, the first is the civil war between two brother in Inca and the second is the possession of superior weapons.

It was also able to deafeat Aztec because of the superior weapons and the Citizens of Aztec also contribute to there downfall by welcoming them only for the Spanish to later turn against them.

can someone just answer this

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate