Japan’s efforts to modernize and industrialize began in a.
1868 during the Meiji Restoration.
b.
1778 with the arrival of Captain James Cook.
c.
1895 after Japan invaded and defeated China.
d.
1904 after Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.

A

Explanation:

In a wider context, however, the Meiji Restoration of 1868 came to be identified with the subsequent era of major political, economic, and social change—the Meiji period (1868–1912)—that brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country.

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