1. how did justinian's code have an impact beyond the byzantine empire? (1 point)
• it promoted trade among europe, the middle east, and asia.
• it later guided the development of present-day international law.

2. how did germanic tribes carve europe into small kingdoms? (1 point)
• germanic traders set up free-trade zones.
• germanic priests unified religious groups.
• germanic kings waged wars of conquest.

3. how did charlemagne most effectively convert many pagans to christianity? (1 point)
• by requiring church attendance
• by reviving latin learning
• through missionarie

Read a report of the paris medical faculty from 1348 about the plague. we can say that the main cause of this pestilence was and is the configuration of the heavens. in 1345, at 1: 00 in the afternoon of march 20th, there was a major conjunction of three planets in the constellation of aquarius. this conjunction, along with others like it and the eclipse caused a deadly corruption of the air around us. what is the most likely reason this document would be important to a historian’s study of the black death? a) it shows the importance of astronomy in medicine today. b) it shows how medicine once differed in paris and london. c) it shows how the plague’s cause was interpreted in the past. d) it shows the desperation to find a cause of the black death.

List a few examples of city-states that practiced oligarchy in ancient greece

Why might collective bargaining fail, causing a union to go on strike? a the union agrees with the boss about wages. b the boss compromises about work hours. c the factory goes out of business, causing the workers to lose their jobs. d the boss refuses to address dangerous working conditions in the factories.