Four million persons have just been freed from a condition of dependence. These are people who, through no fault of their own, have no knowledge of business and do not even have the simplest elements of education. Few of them are mechanics and none of them are skilled manufacturers. They must necessarily, then, become the servants and victims of others unless they are, in some way, made independent of their neighbors. Should we keep them in a position where they have neither skills nor property, then it seems probable that their condition will become so desparate that the ware of the races which so many fear, may well take place. However, by giving them the land and the money with which to build a dwelling, we will make them independent of their old masters...” Question 1 What is the subject of Thaddeus Steven's address to Congress?According to Stevens, what obstacles make it difficult or impossible for formerly enslaved African Americans to achieve real independence? Question 3
3. What does Stevens warn might happen if the situation of formerly enslaved African Americans does not improve?
Question 4
4. What is the main idea of Stevens’s address to Congress?
Question 5
Matching

Match each description in Column A with its corresponding term or name in Column B. Write the correct letters in the blanks.

urged state legislatures to reject the Fourteenth Amendment
granted full citizenship to African Americans
prohibited state and federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
Secretary of War suspended by President Johnson without Senate approval
exploited African American workers
required the military commanders of Southern districts to begin registering voters
Congress took over Reconstruction.
allowed special courts to prosecute those who violated the rights of African Americans
Civil War hero, elected president in 1868
divided ten Southern states into five military districts
granted full citizenship to all individuals born in the United States
prohibited the president from removing government officials without the Senate’s approval
Question 6
Match the definitions to the wor

separation of the races
series of laws aimed to control freed African Americans in the South
extreme
Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War
to formally charge with wrongdoing with the intention of removing an elected official from office
dishonest or illegal action
coming together again
term meaning “scoundrels” applied to Southern whites who sided with Republicans
crop that can be sold for money
group assembled for a specific purpose
Question 7
Presidential Impeachments

Question 10
Who were the two African Americans in the Senate between the years 1869 and 1880?

Question 11
What group of people were called scalawags by former confederates?

Question 13
How did carpetbaggers get their name?

Question 14
What was the Ku Klux Klan and why was it organized?

Question 15
Describe a "midnight ride".

Question 16
Why did the laws passed in Congress to stop the Ku Klux Klan's violence have limited success?

Question 17
Why were African Americans willing to contribute both labor and money to build schools?

Question 18
Why was sharecropping often as bad as slavery?