How does Mazzini criticize aristocracy? How does he criticize monarchy as a form of government?

Explanation:

By claiming that Nature intended all civilizations to be the universal divisions of civilization, Mazzini criticized the aristocracy. By firmly rejecting the Empire, Mazzini emphasizes Italian patriotism and the moral rebirth of man. The patriarchal monarchy was seen by Mazzini as the manifestation of dictatorship.

battle of saint-mihiel, (12–16 september 1918), allied victory and the first u.s.-led offensive in world war i. the allied attack against the saint-mihiel salient provided the americans with an opportunity to use their forces on the western front en masse.

explanation:

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