Judge Karen Lee was tried and convicted of stealing earrings from the mall. She received a
fine and 10 days in jail.
The situation illustrated in the above involves applying which of the
fundamental principles?

The situation illustrated Rule of law applying the  fundamental principles.

Explanation:

Rule of law is a system under which all characters, establishments, and substances are answerable to laws that are: Publicly proclaimed. Equally strengthened. The rule of law survives when a state's constitution uses as the paramount law of the country when the ordinances established and strengthened by the government constantly adhere to the constitution.

social contract theory basically says that all individuals are born equal, and provided a god given right to consent to be governed. american government is based of this

thomas hobbes and john locke said that we are selfish, individualistic, and constantly at war with each other, therefore we need to be controlled. 

government is defined as the legitimate use of force to control human behavior within territorial boundaries, here comes in hobbes and locke.

hobbes takes the part about controlling human behavior. while locke takes the part of legitimate use of force, since force is not legitimate unless there is consent of the people. 

there are basically 3 goals of the government: 1) maintain order by protecting life and property. 2) providing public goods, those which are typically not provided by the public sector, such as roads and education. 3) promote equality be it political, opportunist or outcome equality.