Which of the following was the key outcome of the Opium Wars AND the British Raj in India?

The Opium Wars were two wars waged between the Qing dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century. The First Opium War, fought in 1839–1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the British merchants who sold opium to Chinese merchants.The Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856–1860.

during the ming dynasty