What were the obsticles robert smalls faced

Began during presidency of john q. adams tariff of 1828 and 1832 states’ rights versus federal authority john c. calhoun’s ‘proclamation to the people of south carolina’ concluded during the presidency of andrew jackson is which event are these characteristics describing

1. america's first national road morse 2. joined lake erie with the hudson river cooper 3. steam-driven locomotive erie canal 4. allowed businesspeople to keep in touch with trends cumberland 5. telegraph code fulton 6. clermont telegraph

What spurred american trade with northern mexico?