In the port cities of the united states, some migrants experienced riots and violence against them. what was the issue and why?

1.some ethnic groups just don't get along.
2.protestants and jewish people fought each other for dominance over land.
3.irish catholics and protestants fought and rioted due to unsettled differences in the mother land between the religions.
4.southern europeans were not hospitable to newcomers.

"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." - the thirteenth amendment to the united states constitution, 1865 which statement describes the effect that the thirteenth amendment had on american society? a) male freedmen were given the right to vote. b) slavery was made illegal in the united states. c) ex-slaves were given united states citizenship. d) southern states were no longer allowed to use convicts as labor.