Which of the following was not a reason for the first crusades of the late 11th century a) many european merchants fears that the seljuk turks would ruin their trade with the byzantine empire b) pope urban ii hope to reunite the eastern and western churches c) some europeans wanted to free the holy land from the seljuk turks d) several europeans monarchs hoped to extend their kingdoms into the middle eats

it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (desert storm);