4. Why do nearly all states have intermediate appellate courts?

Researchers often survey cases or court practices throughout the country. Even when study focuses on a specific jurisdiction, the procedures and decisions in other states can be highly influential. This section discusses resources providing broad access to information about state courts in general and surveys ways to find background information on courts in specific states. It focuses on guides explaining the structure and operation of courts

Explanation:

1. international: struggle for hegemony and empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state

2. political conflict: conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

3. the enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in montequieu’s spirit of the laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in rousseau’s social contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the literary underground of “grub street; ” the broadening influence of public opinion.

4. social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

5. ineffective ruler: louis xvi

6. economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.

originally he was supposed to be dead but they wanted to continue the series so they brought him back to life.