In the election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln failed to win a majority of the electoral vote.
won only forty percent of the popular vote.
failed to win any Northern states.
won fewer states than Stephen A. Douglas.

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.

it was displayed because they had a love for war

warfare was the primary means of cultural transmission in both regions.