Explain ONE way in which reactions to Ottoman reform is similar to reactions to Japanese reform in the period 1750-1900. (SAQ)

Both were highly successful, well-established civilizations prior to 1800.
Both had territories that included their respective cultural heartlands and
expanded into new areas over time
Both had distinct cultures heavily dependent on philosophy/religion (Islam in the Ottoman Empire, Confucianism/Daoism/Buddhism in China).

Ifound this on google “the existence of agglomeration economies is central to the explanation of how cities increase in size and population, which places the phenomenon on a larger scale. the concentration of economic activity in cities is one reason for their development and growth.” i hope this you for what your looking for.