How were the "new" immigrants that arrived in america in the late 1800s different from earlier waves of immigrants?

a. most spoke english

b. they tended to be catholic and jewish (leaning towards this one)

c. they were protestants

d. most came with their own money and training

B.They tended to be Catholic and Jewish.

Early immigration to America during colonial times had been predominantly Protestant, with most immigrants speaking English and belonging to the British Isles. However, the new wave of immigration that occurred in the late 1800s had different characteristics. The majority of the newcomers came from Ireland (approximately half of all immigrants), due to the major famine they experienced in the mid-19th century. Irish immigrants were mostly Catholic. Italians, similarly Catholic, were another significant group. Finally Germans (mostly Protestant and Jewish) were also prevalent.

nothing certain is known about what happened, but it seems that the country declined gradually, perhaps due to bad government, or, more likely, due to a series of bad harvests, which resulted in widespread and recurrent famine.