1. what resulted from the discovery at sutter's mill in california in 1848?
a. sutter and his partner became rich by keeping the discovery secret.
b. churches benefited from donations from the miners.
c. thousands came seeking their fortunes.
d. the u. s. military mined the gold and stored it at fort knox.
2. what role did stephen austin play in the settlement of texas by american colonies?
a. he the mexican government win their independence from spain.
b. he defeated santa anna's army, making it safe for colonists in the region.
c. he convinced american colonists in texas to declare their independence from mexico.
d. he received a large land grant and brought in 300 american families to settle in the region.

answer: a parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament. in a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a person distinct from the head of government. this is in contrast to a presidential system, where the head of state often is also the head of government and, most importantly, the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.

countries with parliamentary democracies may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament (such as the united kingdom, denmark, sweden, and japan), or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature (such as ireland, germany, india, and italy). in a few parliamentary republics, such as botswana, south africa, and suriname, among some others, the head of government is also head of state, but is elected by and is answerable to parliament. in bicameral parliaments, the head of government is generally, though not always, a member of the lower house.

parliamentarianism is the dominant form of government in europe, with 32 of its 50 sovereign states being parliamentarian. it is also common in the caribbean, being the form of government of 10 of its 13 island states, and in oceania. elsewhere in the world, parliamentary countries are less common, but they are distributed through all continents, most often in former colonies of the british empire that subscribe to a particular brand of parliamentarianism known as the westminster system.

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