What are the differences and similarities between the reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the congressional Republicans?

Lincoln’s Plan

Abraham Lincoln had thought about the process of restoring the Union

from the earliest days of the war. His guiding principles were to

accomplish the task as rapidly as possible and ignore calls for

punishing the South.

Johnson’s Plan

The looming showdown between Lincoln and the Congress over

competing reconstruction plans never occurred. The president was

assassinated on April 14, 1865. His successor, Andrew Johnson of

Tennessee, lacked his predecessor’s skills in handling people; those

skills would be badly missed.

Johnson’s plan envisioned the following:

• Pardons would be granted to those taking a loyalty oath

• No pardons would be available to high Confederate officials

and persons owning property valued in excess of $20,000

• A state needed to abolish slavery before being readmitted

• A state was required to repeal its secession ordinance before

being readmitted.

The Radical Republicans’ Own Plan

The postwar Radical Republicans were motivated by three main

factors:

1. Revenge — a desire among some to punish the South for

causing the war

2. Concern for the freedmen — some believed that the federal

government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen

from slavery to freedom

3. Political concerns — the Radicals wanted to keep the

Republican Party in power in both the North and the South.

On the political front, the Republicans wanted to maintain their

wartime agenda, which included support for:

• Protective tariffs

• Pro-business national banking system

• Liberal land policies for settlers

• Federal aid for railroad development

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