Do you think the position of the Catholic Church in Western Europe would have remained unchallenged if the pope had not decided to sell indulgences?

mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.

international economic development agencies harm poorer nations by encouraging them to serve as exporters to wealthier nations.

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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