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the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.

japan is located on a chain of islands called an archipelago. it is made up of four main islands and thousands of smaller ones. the terrain is mountainous, which means there is not a lot of good land for farming. because of the geography, the japanese relied on the sea for many aspects of daily life.