Type the correct answer in each box. Spell all words correctly. Look at the map, and then complete the sentence that follows.

Early humans migrated to the Americas by crossing the _.

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.