Why do strict constitutionalist object to a broad interpreation of necessaty and proper clasue? select all that apply

a: because it takes power from the people and the states

b: because it strengthens the power of the federal government

c: because it leads to more legislation and deadlock

d: because the president is not involved in the necessary and proper clause

e: because the framers did not intend the necessary and proper clause to lead to court cases

i need 2, i think it's d and a but i'm not sure