How did the competition for trade routes and dynastic ambitions cause wars and shifts in diplomatic ties among nations

Wars and shifts in diplomatic ties among nations.

Explanation:

During Peter the Great, attempts made to get more maritime by battling with neighbouring empires. Russia wanted access to the sea by fighting Sweden and Crimea to get better access for trade. After winning the war, Russia gained Baltic territories. The trade routes and ambitions cause wars to gain power and access territories to expand the empires.

d) a constitutional amendment

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts