How did crime and punishment change following the enlightenment?

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

the ss was the main organization responsible for the genocidal murder of around six million people of european ethnic minorities, essentially jews, in the holocaust. the members of all its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during the second world war (1939-1945). likewise, the ss were involved in commercial enterprises and exploited the inmates of the concentration camps as slave laborers.

the tortures and assassinations committed by the ss were the result of an ideology developed long before the armed conflict, this ideology was based on the racial supremacy of the germans over the rest.