How did Europe change during the 1500s through the 1700s? Think about what the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and
Enlightenment helped change. Also think about art, science, literature,
religion, and governments.

By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation. ... The great geographic discoveries then in process were integrating Europe into a world economic system. New commodities, many of them imported from recently discovered lands, enriched material life.

if i am correct the answer is going to be a) the federal program of reconstruction ended.

the answer to your question is a because laws act as guidelines as to what is accepted in society. without it there would be conflicts between social groups and communities. it serves as a norm of conduct for citizens.