Source 1 Over 150 years ago, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas held seven debates as they campaigned for a Senate seat in Illinois. The debates focused on the issue of slavery and its expansion into the territories. Douglas helped overturn the prohibition on slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Referred to as popular sovereignty, it meant that citizens in Kansas and Nebraska, not the federal government, could determine whether slavery should be allowed to exist in these territories.

Source 2

That is the real issue [with the question of slavery]. . . . It is the eternal struggle between these two principles — right and wrong — throughout the world. They are the two principles that have stood face to face from the beginning of time; and will ever continue to struggle. The one is the common right of humanity and the other the divine right of kings. It is the same principle in whatever shape it develops itself. It is the same spirit that says, "You work and toil and earn bread, and I'll eat it." No matter in what shape it comes, whether from the mouth of a king who seeks to bestride the people of his own nation and live by the fruit of their labor, or from one race of men as an apology for enslaving another race, it is the same tyrannical principle.2

—Abraham Lincoln, during the seventh debate with Stephen A. Douglas

Which statement describes a difference between source 1 and source 2?

Answers A.
Source 1 is an example of bias, while source 2 is an example of historiography.

B.
Source 1 is a secondary source, while source 2 is a primary source.

C.
Source 1 is an example of historiography, while source 2 is an example of bias.

D.
Source 1 is a primary source, while source 2 is a secondary source.

Source 1 is a secondary source, while source 2 is a primary source.

Explanation:

A primary source is a document about a historic event that was developed at the time that event was taking place. Accordingly, we can say that source 2 is a primary source since it presents a piece of Lincoln's speech from the moment the speech was presented.

A secondary source, however, is a document that presents a historical event that happened previously and that the author did not participate in, but did a research on. As we can see in source 1, the author presents an event that occurred 150 years ago, which he did not participate in, but researched about. This is a secondary source.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

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