Which of the following did muhammad do when he encountered opposition from mecca’s city leaders? a. he brought more followers to mecca. b. he relocated from mecca to the city of medina. c. he threatened the leaders of christianity and judaism. d. he fought against the arabs and won additional converts.

B. He relocated from Mecca to the city of Medina

Mohammad's departure from Mecca (going to Medina) in the year 622 is known as the hijira. Hijira (also spelled "hijrah" or "hegira" in some variations of spelling in English) means an "exodus" or migration or movement.  Mohammad was warned of a plot in Mecca to assassinate him, by Mecca merchants who opposed him.  In Medina, Mohammad consolidated his following as the start of the Islamic movement, and returned to Mecca in 629 to conquer that city and prove that Allah was superior to the supposed gods of Mecca.

utilized the penal colony

separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.   the intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.  

the traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of american government are:

* the legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

* the executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

* the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

forty state constitutions specify that government be divided into three branches:   legislative, executive and judicial.   california illustrates this approach; "the powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial.   persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise either of the others except as permitted by this constitution."

while separation of powers is key to the workings of american government, no democratic system exists with an absolute separation of powers or an absolute lack of separation of powers. governmental powers and responsibilities intentionally overlap; they are too complex and interrelated to be neatly compartmentalized. as a result, there is an inherent measure of competition and conflict

minnesota:   minnesota house research,   separation of powers: when statutes and court rules conflict, 2005