How did key turning points in Islamic history affect and influence the spread of Islam? Plz answer rn cuz I have a test and it’s due in 2 hrs

Key points in islamic history would be the end of the Rashidun Caliphate, which brought political strife and sectarian divide as there was now two sects known as Sunni and Shia. Other key points would be the rise of the Ottoman empire which saw the spread of Islam into Europe which is still present today in the Balkan states. They influenced the spread of Islam because they allowed people of lower social status to have equality under the faith as Islamic rule doesn't discriminate based on color.

c. as a force against soviet invasion of afghanistan

the answer is richard nixion