Which document did this passage most heavily influence?* ... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were
joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be
the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor
-- Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

(1) Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan
(2) Communist Manifesto
(3) Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
(4) Magna Carta