Which Islamic umpire did the Mongols invade and defeat

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.

Arguments supporting and opposing the supreme court decision citizens united v. federal election commission identify two reasons why some supporters of the decision consider it a victory for free speech.

Take another look at the population pyramid for france in 1950. notice the disparity between the male and female populations in the 55 to 70 year-old age group. what historical event could account for this disparity?