We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. The excerpt most reflects which Enlightenment idea?

norsemen from northern countries had made earlier journeys

they both wanted to stop protestantism, they felt a call in life and it was to strengthen the church. charles used inquisition, philip used army's, charles gave control to outsiders, philip centralized all power.

hope this you !