..., Steam-engines furnish the means not only of their support but of their multiplication. They create a vast demand for fuel; and, while they lend their powerful arms to drain the pits and to raise the
coals, they call into employment multitudes of miners, engineers, ship-builders, and sailors, and cause
the construction of canals and railways; and, while they enable these rich fields of industry to be
cultivated to the utmost, they leave thousands of fine arable fields free for the production of food to
man, which must have been otherwise allotted to the food of horses. Steam-engines moreover, by
the cheapness and steadiness of their action, fabricate (produce) cheap goods, and procure (acquire)
in their exchange a liberal supply of the necessaries and comforts of life, produced in foreign lands...
Source: Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of Manufactures: or, an Exposition of the Scientific, Moral, and
Commercial Economy of the Factory System of Great Britain, published in 1835
What is Andrew Ure's point of view regarding steam engines?
Steam engines lead to poorly made goods.
Steam engines could lead to conflict with other countries,
Steam engines do more harm than good because of pollution
Steam engines benefit society because they lead to industrial growth and improvements in the quality of life.

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i hope this your understandings.

the columbian exchange, also known as the columbian interchange, named for christopher columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the americas, west africa, and the old world in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to european colonization and trade following christopher columbus's 1492 voyage. invasive species, including communicable diseases, were a byproduct of the exchange. the changes in agriculture significantly altered and changed global populations. the most significant immediate impact of the columbian exchange was the cultural exchanges and the transfer of people between continents.

the new contact between the global population circulated a wide variety of crops and livestock, which supported increases in population in both hemispheres, although diseases initially caused precipitous declines in the numbers of indigenous peoples of the americas. traders returned to europe with maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, which became very important crops in europe by the 18th century.

the term was first used in 1972 by american historian alfred w. crosby in his environmental history book the columbian exchange. it was rapidly adopted by other historians and journalists and has become widely known.