The 11th Amendment protects from overreach by the Question 1 options:

federal government, states

citizens, federal government

states, federal government

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

muhammad (pbuh) was the messenger of allah (swt) his mission was to praise the name of his lord and the words of his lord thats where the qur'an comes in