Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882 (1908)- what is the writer claiming

In 1882, the British invaded and conquered Egypt to put down a revolt of Egyptian army officers. Colonel Urabi of the Egyptian army—with support from disgruntled officers—overthrew the Khedive. Urabi dressed and looked like Arab peasants who called him “el Wahid,” meaning “the only one”. (Pakenham 125). The British, of course, were worried about the Suez Canal falling into the hands of an unfriendly power. When the British sent the navy to bombard Alexandria from the sea, Egyptian mobs rampaged and killed 50 Europeans (Pakenham 132). With the Khedive’s support, the British attacked both ends of the Suez Canal, sailed to the midpoint, and rushed to Cairo, using a new railroad to transport supplies (Sayyid-Marsot 654). Urabi surrendered. The British had an army of 31,000 while Urabi had only 16,000 poorly trained troops with old rifles and swords (UNESCO 37 and James 272). Britain now held Egypt as a virtual colony, which also gave them responsibility for territory Egypt had controlled in the south, in Sudan.

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the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.