What prompted many people in Southern Italy to immigrate to the U. S. between 1880 and 1920? natural disasters
disintegration of the Italian nation state
an invasion of Italy
religious persecution at home

Natural disasters

Explanation: Many people from the Southern part of Italy immigrated to the U.S. between 1880 and 1920 because of natural disasters. Natural disasters happened in southern Italy in early 1900. Mount Vesuvius exploded and destroyed a town close to Naples. Mount Etna also erupted. In 1908, tidal wave and an earthquake in the Strait of Messina, killing thousands of people.

Land shortage, famine, rising taxes, and crop failures are some of the other reasons Italians immigrated in America to get the economic opportunity.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.