How did the pact of umar benefit Muslims and non-Muslims at this time in history?

Prohibition against taking slaves who have been allotted to Muslims. Prohibition against non-Muslims to lead, govern or employ Muslims. If a non-Muslim beats a Muslim, his Dhimmi protection is removed. In return, the ruler would provide security for the Christian believers who follow the rules of the pact.

Iwould say a, due to the fact these routes display many things that would be useful and provide explanations for how states are known.