How did Medieval European Kingdoms react to the Growth of Islamic Civilizations over time? Did the growth of Gunpowder Empires in the late Medieval Period cause conflict between European and Islamic Civilizations?

Why were chinese american immigrants frequently detained when trying to immigrate through angel island? the rules for immigration were stricter at this checkpoint due to health issues that were prevalent among asian populations at this time. the location of the island was difficult to reach, and ships to the mainland were often prevented from sailing more than once a week. immigration agents were notorious for asking immigrants confusing questions as a means of denying them entry. low wages caused a shortage of immigration officials, so many immigrants had to wait weeks or months before their applications were processed.

How does the balance of trade look different in the us today vs hot it looked in the 70's

I'd be super appreciative if someone could me out here! discuss the the following question: how influential were the three philosophers? why? (the three philosophers are locke, hobbes, and montesquieu)