Read passages from three constitutional amendments. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

–Thirteenth Amendment

No State . . . shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person . . . the equal protection of the laws.

–Fourteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

–Fifteenth Amendment

At what point in American history were these three amendments ratified?

before the Civil War
during Presidential Reconstruction
during Congressional Reconstruction
at the end of the Reconstruction era