what are some examples of “barbarism and religion” that English historian Edward Gibbon is referring to

all

explanation:

i believe your answer is d)

i would say your answer is a)

sorry if im wrong

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".