How did italian city-states like venice and florence become major banking and trade centers?
a. large families of powerful bankers established trade agreements with nearby cities.
b. their location made them a natural route for travel between europe, africa, and asia.
c. their military forces conquered nearby cities, which increased their financial resources.
d. they shared economic strategies and built alliances in other regions during the crusades.?

1)which is the following was characteristic of the british colonies but not the french or spanish religion a. presence of slavery b. religion conversion c. smuggling and piracy d. strict racial hierarchy 2)how did the columbia exchange affect europe? a diseases from the new world decimated the population of the european continent b new crops introduced to europe generated further interest in the new world c enslavement of american indians in europe changed cultural attitudes toward slavery d the items produced by american indians become objects of competition in europe