Both Marx and Bentham thought that philosophers should put their ideas into practice by reforming society. Do you agree? Should philosophers also be political activists?

1 > george s. boutwell

2 > general ulysses s. grant

3 > james a. garfeild

4 > adolph e. borie

in the 1800s, chinese workers migrated to the united states, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the american west, and as chinese laborers grew successful in the united states, a number of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. as the numbers of chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-chinese sentiment among other workers in the american economy. this finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of chinese workers to the united states, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the united states and china.

the monroe doctrine is the best known u.s. policy toward the western hemisphere. buried in a routine annual message delivered to congress by president james monroe in december 1823, the doctrine warns european nations that the united states would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation.