In countries with a negative natural increase rate, such as former states of the Soviet Union, the high crude death rate has been attributed part to

D

Explanation:

The Soviet Unon has had a history of famines. Most known famine that the Soviet Union caused was the Holodomor of 1932-1933

explanation:

the president, prime minister, chief justice, speakers and ministers take their oath of office. the oath is taken in bengali